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Canada (New France)
Canada was the name of the French colony that once stretched along the St. Lawrence River; the other colonies of New France were Acadia, Louisiana and the south shore of Newfoundland.〔MCC. "(Le territoire )", in ''La Nouvelle-France. Ressources françaises'', Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (France), 1998, retrieved 2 August 2008〕 Canada, the most developed colony of New France, was divided into three districts, each with its own government: Quebec, Trois-Rivières, and Montreal. The governor of the District of Quebec was also the governor-general of all New France.〔
Because of the level of development of Canada compared to the other colonies, the terms "Canada" and "New France" were often used interchangeably. After the Treaty of Paris of 1763, when France ceded Canada and its dependencies to Great Britain, the colony was renamed the Province of Quebec.〔"His Most Christian Majesty cedes and guaranties to his said Britannick Majesty, in full right, Canada, with all its dependencies, as well as the island of Cape Breton, and all the other islands and coasts in the gulph and river of St. Lawrence, and in general, every thing that depends on the said countries, lands, islands, and coasts" ''Treaty of Paris'', 1763〕
== Settled country ==
A 1740 survey of the population of the St. Lawrence River valley counted about 44,000 colonists, the majority born in Canada. Of those, 18,000 lived under the Government of Quebec, 4,000 under the Government of Trois-Rivières and 22,000 under the Government of Montreal. The population was mostly rural; Quebec had 4,600 inhabitants; Trois-Rivières had 378; and Montreal had 4,200 inhabitants. Also, Île Royale had 4,000 inhabitants (of which 1,500 were in Louisbourg), and Île Saint-Jean had 500 inhabitants. Acadia had 8,000 inhabitants.〔NRC. "(New France c. 1740 )", in ''The Atlas of Canada'', Natural Resources Canada, 2003-10-06, retrieved 13 December 2009〕
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